The procedure usually takes between 4 and 12 hours to complete, depending on the complexity of the operation. In case of a major operation, the patient might take at least 3 months to recover.
However, eventual complications after lung transplant can happen if adequate care is not taken. The immune system of the patient may reject the newly received organ from a donor, hence immunosuppressant medications are prescribed. In the case of lung failure, a lung transplant can definitely help to improve the quality of life and the longevity of life for patients suffering from grave lung conditions.
What are the different types of lung transplants? There are 3 main types: Single Lung Transplant : A single damaged lung is removed and replaced with a healthy lung. This is often used to treat pulmonary fibrosis. Double Lung Transplant : Both the lungs are surgically removed and replaced with 2 healthy lungs of donor. This is the prime treatment option for people with cystic fibrosis or COPD. Heart-Lung Transplant : It is the removal of the heart and both the lungs.
This is often recommended for people with severe pulmonary hypertension. Why is a lung transplant performed? Lung transplants are only recommended for people who have tried other treatments or medications, but their conditions haven't sufficiently improved. Damaged or unhealthy lungs can't intake or utilise the oxygen which the body needs to survive. A variety of medical conditions and diseases can damage the lungs and hinder the ability to function effectively.
Some of the more common causes include: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD , including emphysema Scarring of the lungs pulmonary fibrosis High blood pressure in the lungs pulmonary hypertension Cystic fibrosis Q. How long does it take to recover after a lung transplant?
The recovery period varies from person to person. Some leave the hospital within a few days, while some take a few weeks. However, it's not uncommon for a patient to be in the hospital for two weeks or longer. To completely recover from the condition it takes at least 3 to 6 months. One must avoid pushing, pulling or lifting anything heavy. For the long term success of the transplant, a few weeks after the surgery are filled with activities like: Rehabilitation exercises Regular physical therapy Informative sessions to learn the lifelong medication plan Regular tests of lung function, blood tests, chest X-ray, and procedures like bronchoscopy Q.
Can the lungs be detoxified? Lungs are self-cleaning organs and it's completely possible to clean and detox the lungs. Here are a few tips to follow for optimal lung health: Quit Smoking Maintain a proper diet Exercise regularly Breath in the fresh air, be in a toxin-free environment. Steam therapy or steam inhalation COPD patients should try pursed breathing. Drain mucus from the lungs. There are a few postural drainage techniques to do so. What is the success rate of lung transplants in India?
Lung transplant is the solution for the termination of end-stage lung diseases. If you compare the preoperative and postoperative conditions of the lung transplanted patients in the developing and developed countries, they're different. Modern techniques that are used for lung transplant work on both the determinants and the failed organ.
Physicians Surgeon , along with the organ, removes the infection and pacify the causes of the ailment. You can say that lung transplant surgery has gained little success due to the new techniques. How much does a lung transplant cost? The shortage of donors for lung transplant procedure makes it a little expensive.
Lung transplant surgery cost around 10 to 25 lakh. The ICU and medications will cost you an equal amount. Does diabetes or high blood pressure affect lung transplant? Unfortunately, yes, your high blood pressure or diabetes level may create insurmountable barriers in the lung transplant procedure.
On the contrary, diabetes or elevated blood pressure can also augment the number of issues for your lungs. Before investing in lung transplant surgery, adopt a medication course to control your diabetes or hypertension. Skip to main content. Narayana Health » Lung Transplant. NH cares Lung Transplant:. A Guide to the Procedure, Risks and Recovery. What is a Lung Transplant? When is a Lung Transplant done? The most common respiratory organ diseases that require a lung transplant are: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease emphysema and chronic bronchitis Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Cystic fibrosis Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension Among individuals with these conditions, respiratory organ transplant reasons will vary.
Understanding Associated Risks. Lung Transplant Criteria and Requirements. Numerous tests are performed throughout a lung transplant analysis, which can include: Pulmonary function tests Cardiac stress test Coronary artery catheterisation Bone mineral density test Chest X-ray Computed tomography CT scan of the chest Blood tests for kidney and liver function, and a complete blood count CBC Blood type and antibodies present within the blood, for matching against potential organ donors Doctors sometimes will not advocate a lung transplant if conditions such as vital heart, liver, or kidney disease ; alcohol or drug abuse; ongoing infections; or cancer although if there's significant heart sickness, some patients may be considered for a combined heart-lung transplant are present.
Finding a Donor. The Lung Allocation Score puts the individual's place on the list, which considers a sophisticated calculation that tries to predict 2 things: How long a patient is probably going to live without a lung transplant How long a patient would be expected to live once receiving a lung transplant People with higher scores are considered initially when organ donors lungs become accessible. The Lung Transplant procedure. The incision varies by the sort of lung transplant: An incision on one side of the chest solely for one lung transplant An incision across the complete breadth of the front of the chest, or an incision on either side for a double lung transplant Complete unconsciousness is maintained with anaesthesia throughout the surgery.
After a Lung Transplant The time to fully recover from a lung transplant varies widely between individuals. These include: Regular physical therapy and rehabilitation exercises Education sessions to learn a complicated new lifelong medication plan Frequent visits to the doctor Regular tests for the function of the lung, chest X-rays, blood tests, and procedures like bronchoscopy Many transplant centres offer temporary housing nearby for patients and their families to make frequent visits easier.
Prognosis and Outlook after Lung Transplant. Precautions to Take after the Procedure. Most probably, your medications will include one or more types of immunosuppressants such as: cyclosporine tacrolimus mycophenolate mofetil prednisone azathioprine sirolimus daclizumab basiliximab muromonab-CD3 Orthoclone OKT3 Immunosuppressants are important after your transplant since they help stop your body from being offensive to your new lung.
You may also be given: antifungal medication antiviral medication antibiotics diuretics anti-ulcer medication. Road to Recovery and Aftercare. Post-Lung Transplant Recovery Process The first few months after a lung transplant surgery are when you have the highest risk of infection or rejection.
Lung Transplant Follow-up Appointments At first, you'll have frequent follow-up visits so that the lung transplant team can be sure that you are healing properly. The diseased lung s will be removed and replaced with the donor lung s. The new lung's blood vessels and airways will be attached. For a bilateral sequential transplant, the lungs will be attached one at a time. One or more tubes will be put in your chest. These are to remove air, fluid, and blood from the chest and to allow the new lung s to expand fully.
A thin tube epidural catheter may be put in. This is done to send pain medicine into your back. It may be done in the operating room or in the recovery room. After the surgery you may be taken to a recovery room. You will then be taken to the intensive care unit ICU. This is a ward in a hospital where you will be watched closely. You will be in the ICU for several days.
You will be in the hospital 7 to 14 days or longer. You will be connected to monitors that will constantly show your heart rhythms, blood pressure, breathing rate, and oxygen level. You will have a breathing tube in your throat hooked up to a ventilator. The tube will stay in place until you are able to breathe on your own.
This may be for a few hours up to several days. You may have a thin, plastic tube put through your nose and into your stomach. This is to remove air that you swallow.
The tube will be taken out when your bowels resume normal function. You will not be able to eat or drink until the tube is removed. Blood samples will be taken several times a day.
These are done to check the health of the new lung s , and your kidneys, liver, and blood system. You may be on special IV medicine to help your blood pressure and your heart, and to control any problems with bleeding. You will be given pain medicine as needed, either by a nurse, through an epidural catheter, or by giving it yourself through a device connected to your IV. Once the breathing and stomach tubes have been removed and your condition has stabilized, you may start drinking liquids.
Your diet may slowly include more solid foods as you are able to eat them. Your antirejection immunosuppression medicines will be closely watched to make sure you are getting the right dose and the best combination of medicines. Nurses, respiratory therapists, and physical therapists will work with you as you begin physical therapy and breathing exercises.
When your healthcare provider feels you are ready, you will be moved from the ICU to a private room on a regular nursing unit or transplant unit. Your recovery will continue there. You will increase your activity by getting out of bed and walking around for longer periods of time.
Catheters and tubes will be removed. Your diet will be progress to solid foods. Nurses, pharmacists, dietitians, physical therapists, and other members of the transplant team will teach you and your significant family members how to take care of yourself once you are discharged from the hospital. Keep the incision clean and dry. Your healthcare provider will give you instructions for careful bathing.
The sutures or staples will be removed during a follow-up office visit. You may need to avoid other types of activity for a while.
The transplant team will explain the schedule for these tests. Your rehabilitation program will continue for many months. To allow the transplanted lung s to survive in your body, you will take medicines for the rest of your life to fight rejection. Each person may react differently to the medicines. Each transplant team has preferences for different medicines. Healthcare providers tailor medicine plans to meet the needs of each person. In most cases, 3 types of antirejection medicines are given.
Antirejection medicines affect the way the immune system works, so people on these medicines have a higher risk for infections. The doses of these medicines may change often, depending on your response.
While taking these medicines, you will be more likely to have certain infections. These include oral yeast infection thrush , herpes , and respiratory viruses. For the first few months after surgery, make sure to avoid crowds and anyone who has an infection. Do not hesitate to restrict visitors to your home while you are recovering.
Stay away from any people or places where smoking is allowed and do not allow smoking in your home. Health Home Treatments, Tests and Therapies. Types of lung transplant procedures include: Single lung. This is the transplant of one lung. Double lung. This is the transplant of both lungs. Why might I need a lung transplant?
A lung transplant can substantially improve your quality of life. The first year after the transplant — when surgical complications, rejection and infection pose the greatest threats — is the most critical period. Although some people have lived 10 years or more after a lung transplant, only about half the people who undergo the procedure are still alive after five years. Explore Mayo Clinic studies of tests and procedures to help prevent, detect, treat or manage conditions.
It's normal to feel anxious or overwhelmed while waiting for a transplant or to have fears about rejection, returning to work or other issues after a transplant. Seeking the support of friends and family members can help you cope during this stressful time. Your transplant team also can assist you with other useful resources and coping strategies throughout the transplant process, such as:. After your lung transplant, you'll need to take immunosuppressant medications for life to prevent rejection.
These medications may cause serious side effects, and they may cause you to be more susceptible to infections. Your treatment team will explain your medications and potential side effects. Your doctors will help you manage your immunosuppressant medications, based on your side effects and any signs of rejection. In the past, people with lung transplants usually have taken corticosteroids prednisone, others and other immunosuppressant medications for life to prevent rejection.
However, corticosteroids may cause weight gain, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, and other side effects and complications. At some point, it may be possible to reduce or stop taking corticosteroids after your lung transplant, which may lessen your side effects and complications. You'll still need to take other immunosuppressant medications. Other immunosuppressant medication options that may be used for people with lung transplants include basiliximab Simulect , mycophenolate mofetil CellCept and azathioprine Imuran.
Doctors may sometimes prescribe medications called sirolimus Rapamune or everolimus Afinitor about 3 months after a lung transplant. These drugs may be considered for people who can't tolerate mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine.
These medications will only be used after there has been adequate healing of the airway after transplant. Doctors may also prescribe sirolimus or everolimus to people experiencing kidney problems due to calcineurin inhibitors — another immunosuppressant. In some cases, people with kidney problems after transplant may be able to reduce or stop taking calcineurin inhibitors if they are taking sirolimus or everolimus, and their kidney problems may improve.
Researchers continue to study the potential use of other immunosuppressant medications for people with lung transplants. After your lung transplant, you may need to adjust your diet to stay healthy. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise can help you avoid complications such as high blood pressure, heart disease and diabetes.
Your transplant team includes a nutrition specialist dietitian who can discuss your nutrition and diet needs and answer any questions you may have after your transplant. Your dietitian will let you know if any foods might impact your medications and can explain how to prepare food safely to lessen the risk of an infection from food. After your lung transplant, your doctor and treatment team may recommend that you make exercise and physical activity a regular part of your life to continue to improve your overall physical and mental health.
Exercising regularly helps you control your blood pressure, control stress, maintain a healthy weight, strengthen your bones and increase your physical function. As you become more fit, your body is able to use oxygen more effectively. Your treatment team will create an exercise program to meet your needs. You'll likely participate in pulmonary rehabilitation — a program of exercise and education that may help improve your breathing and daily functioning.
Your team may provide training and education in many areas, including exercise, nutrition and breathing strategies. Your exercise program may include warm-up exercises, such as stretching or slow walking.
Your treatment team may suggest physical activities such as walking, bicycling or strength training as part of your exercise program. Specialists in the treatment team will likely recommend that you cool down after you exercise, perhaps by walking slowly.
Discuss with your treatment team what activities may be appropriate for you. Take a break from exercising if you feel tired. If you feel symptoms such as shortness of breath or dizziness, stop exercising. If your symptoms don't go away, contact your doctor. Lung transplant care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products.
Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Lung transplant Open pop-up dialog box Close. Lung transplant During a lung transplant, surgeons remove your diseased lung and then attach a donor lung to your airway and to the blood vessels that lead to and from your heart.
Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Double-lung transplant Open pop-up dialog box Close. Double-lung transplant During a double-lung transplant, surgeons remove your diseased lungs, one at a time, and then attach the donor lungs to your airways and to the blood vessels that lead to and from your heart. Bronchoscopy Open pop-up dialog box Close. Bronchoscopy In flexible bronchoscopy, a doctor inserts a thin, bendable tube through the mouth or nose into the lungs.
Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references What is a lung transplant? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Accessed January 30, Mason RJ, et al. Lung transplantation. Philadelphia, Pa. Accessed May 10, Rochester, Minn. Goldman L, et al. Interventional and surgical approaches to lung disease. In: Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Accessed July 7, Vincent JL, et al.
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