Rather than seeking to provide definitive answers to the questions posed by individual monuments, the AHA emphasizes the imperative of understanding historical context in any consideration of removing or recontextualizing monuments, or renaming public spaces. In the wake of the Charlottesville tragedy, historians across the country provided important historical context and insight to the public.
The AHA compiled statements that our members, fellow historical societies, AHA council members, and staff have made in op-eds, interviews, and other media conversations about the importance of historical thinking and knowledge within the current debate. Corey Prize Raymond J. Cunningham Prize John H. Klein Prize Waldo G.
Marraro Prize George L. Mosse Prize John E. Palmegiano Prize James A. Schmitt Grant J. Beveridge Award Recipients Albert J. Corey Prize Recipients Raymond J. Cunningham Prize Recipients John H. The Confederacy later accepted Missouri and Kentucky as members, although neither officially declared secession nor were they ever largely controlled by Confederate forces; Confederate shadow governments attempted to control the two states but were later exiled from them. The government of the United States the Union rejected the claims of secession, considering it illegitimate.
No foreign government ever officially recognized the Confederacy as an independent country although Great Britain and France granted it belligerent status, which allowed Confederate agents to contract with private concerns for arms and other supplies. In early , after four years of heavy fighting which led to ,—, military deaths all Confederate forces surrendered. The war lacked a formal end; nearly all Confederate forces had been forced into surrender or deliberately disbanded by the end of , by which point the dwindling manpower and resources of the Confederacy faced overwhelming odds.
Jefferson Davis, the President of the Confederate States of America for the duration of the Civil War, lamented that the Confederacy had "disappeared". Read: Growing up in the shadow of the Confederacy. The decision of slaveholding states to secede, to separate from the United States, was the culmination of a year effort to protect the right to hold property in persons—the institution of slavery.
From December to April , seven states left the Union, led by South Carolina; four more did so after the war began, in April , while four slaveholding states remained loyal. The architects of secession knew that there was no recognized constitutional right to secede and that they risked war.
Nascent Confederates were candid about their motives; indeed, they trumpeted them to the world. Most states wrote justifications of their decision to rebel, as Jefferson had in the Declaration of Independence.
In late February , in Montgomery, Alabama, the seven breakaway states formed the C. That constitution aimed to perfect the original by dispensing with all the issues about slavery and representation that had plagued political life in the former U.
It put the country under God and mandated a one-term presidency, of six years. It purged the original of euphemisms, using the term slaves instead of other persons in its three-fifths and fugitive-slave clauses. Confederates wrote themselves a pro-slavery constitution for a pro-slavery state. Shortly after this constitution was written, Alexander Stephens, the vice president of the C.
Training his sights on the eight upper-South states that were still refusing to secede, he offered a blunt assessment of the difference between the old Union and the new. This, our new government, is the first, in the history of the world, based on this great … truth. Capitol; it is one of a group that includes Jefferson Davis and Robert E.
Lee, targeted for removal. Adam Serwer: The myth of the kindly General Lee. The war brought a terrible reckoning for the Confederate States of America, subjecting it to the military test of the Union armies and the political judgment of its own people.
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