Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in Australia. Cardiovascular disease can occur when arteries that supply blood and oxygen to your heart muscle and other organs such as the brain and kidneys become clogged with fatty material called plaque or atheroma. This process is called atherosclerosis. It can start when you are young and be well advanced by the time you reach middle age.
If your arteries become too narrow, less blood can reach your heart muscle or your brain. When this happens in arteries of the heart, it can lead to symptoms such as angina chest pain. If a blood clot forms in the narrowed artery and blocks the blood supply to part of your heart, it can cause a heart attack. If this happens in the arteries supplying blood to the brain, this can cause a stroke. In the past, your doctor may have measured and treated each of your CVD risk factors one at a time.
It is now recommended that overall risk be assessed to determine your personal heart disease and stroke-risk score. Risk score puts many of the risk factors together. This is a bit like putting all the pieces of a puzzle together so you can see the whole picture.
By looking at the whole picture, your doctor can discuss ways to reduce your risk of stroke or heart attack. Risk reduction strategies include medications, surgery and lifestyle changes. However, if you are already known to be at high risk for example, if you have had a previous heart attack or stroke, have severe kidney disease , very high blood pressure or have diabetes and are over 60 years old , a risk score will not need to be calculated.
Your doctor will tell you if you are in this group and advise you about what to do to reduce your risk. There is no single cause for CVD, but there are risk factors that increase your chance of a heart attack or stroke.
Social isolation and lack of social support are risk factors for CVD that can be changed, although it can seem challenging. One way to help with loneliness is to learn how to improve your social connections. The good news is that you can reduce your overall risk of developing CVD by leading a healthy lifestyle and taking medicines as prescribed by your doctor.
As well as causing cancer , smoking affects the arteries that supply blood to your heart and other parts of your body. It reduces the amount of oxygen in your blood and damages your artery walls. Smoking increases your risk of heart attack, stroke and peripheral vascular disease also known as peripheral artery disease — which can lead to gangrene and limb amputation.
This slows blood flow through your arteries and makes blockages more common. Blockages may cause heart attack and stroke. Smoking also makes your artery walls sticky, causing them to become clogged with fatty material called plaque or atheroma. Smokers often have cold hands or feet as a result of clogged arteries, which may also lead to serious problems such as gangrene.
If your coronary artery becomes clogged, it can cause angina. If a blood clot forms in the narrowed coronary artery and completely blocks the blood supply to a part of your heart, it can cause a heart attack. Cholesterol is a fatty substance produced naturally by your body blood cholesterol. It is mainly caused by eating foods high in saturated fats and trans fats.
If you are having trouble with your cholesterol levels, a dietitian can help you to eat healthily for your specific needs. Blood pressure is the pressure of the blood in your arteries the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to your body as it is pumped around your body by your heart.
Blood pressure depends on two main things: the amount of blood pumped by your heart and how easily the blood can flow through your arteries. Your blood pressure will go up and down throughout the day, depending on the time of day and what you are doing.
However, high blood pressure is a condition where your blood pressure is consistently high. Your family history, eating patterns, alcohol intake, weight and level of physical activity have a strong influence on blood pressure. High blood pressure can overload your heart and arteries and speed up the artery-clogging process. This can lead to problems such as heart attack and stroke. High blood pressure can also affect arteries to other parts of your body, such as the eyes, kidneys and legs.
CHD is sometimes called ischaemic heart disease or coronary artery disease. If you have heart disease and you're worried about coronavirus, you can get advice about coronavirus and heart disease from the British Heart Foundation. But not everyone has the same symptoms and some people may not have any before coronary heart disease is diagnosed. Coronary heart disease is the term that describes what happens when your heart's blood supply is blocked or interrupted by a build-up of fatty substances in the coronary arteries.
Over time, the walls of your arteries can become furred up with fatty deposits. This process is known as atherosclerosis and the fatty deposits are called atheroma.
Atherosclerosis can be caused by lifestyle factors, such as smoking and regularly drinking excessive amounts of alcohol. This can cause the symptoms that people more commonly associate with heart disease, such as crushing chest pain, tightness, or pressure in the chest, particularly with stress or physical activity.
If a person experiences angina, they may be afraid to exert themselves for fear of chest pain or other uncomfortable symptoms. Those with heart failure can develop swelling, dizziness, and other symptoms that can affect their ability to complete daily tasks.
A person with diagnosed heart disease must also live with the stress of knowing they have a long-term illness that could result in a cardiac event, such as heart attack or stroke.
The long-term outlook for people with heart disease depends upon many factors. If a doctor diagnoses you or a loved one with heart disease, a medication and healthy lifestyle regimen should be followed to prevent worsening complications.
Heart disease is considered a chronic condition, and there can be complications following periods of medication-induced improvement. However, heart disease remains the leading cause of death for both men and women, according to the CDC. Seeking treatment after the earliest possible indicators of heart problems, such as high blood pressure or shortness of breath, can result in better outcomes.
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Experts say middle-aged people with iron deficiency have a higher risk of heart disease later. The hardened arteries restrict blood flow, so your heart cannot receive enough oxygenated blood, especially when it beats quickly during physical exertion or stress. This can cause chest pain and shortness of breath. If an artery becomes completely blocked, a heart attack may occur. Lack of oxygen to your heart during a heart attack causes irreversible damage as the heart muscle dies and is replaced with scar tissue.
If damage is severe, the heart may be unable to pump enough blood through the body, a condition called heart failure.
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